According to Fair, Isaac, the breakdown of your FICO score is as follows:
35% of the score is determined by payment histories on your credit accounts, with recent history weighted a bit more heavily than the distant past.
30% is based upon the amount of debt you have outstanding with all creditors.
15% is produced on the basis of how long you've been a credit user (a longer history is better if you've always made timely payments);
10% is comprised of very recent history, based on your efforts to obtain loans or credit lines in the past few months.
10% is calculated from the mix of credit you hold, including installment loans (like car loans), leases, mortgages, credit cards, etc.
Other models being employed are sure to utilize these in various weightings, plus other data that may be fed in to the model. These might include your address or zip code, how often you've moved and other public and private information about you.